The Bass River and its tributaries make up the majority of the town's border with Dennis. There are also several smaller ponds throughout the town. The Cape Cod Bay shore is marshy, with several creeks flowing into it. The town's southern shore is known for its beaches, from the west jetty of the Bass River to Great Island, on the east and south sides of Hyannis Harbor. The town has no state forests or wildlife management areas, although there are many such natural, unprotected areas in town. The town is also the site of four golf courses, a rod and gun club, and a Boy Scout camp.

Cape Cod's three major east-west routes, U.S. Route 6, Route 6A and Route 28, all run through the town. Unlike many towns on the Cape, there are no other state routes crossing between the three roads, with all crossing routes being local roads. There are two exits off of Route 6 (also known as the Mid-Cape Highway) in town. The Bay Colony Railroad line passes from east to west through the town, as does a portion of its spur to Hyannis. There are also several bike paths throughout town.